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, by Howard Markel
Download , by Howard Markel
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Product details
File Size: 5092 KB
Print Length: 352 pages
Publisher: Vintage; 1 edition (July 19, 2011)
Publication Date: July 19, 2011
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B004J4WJXE
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#311,215 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
This is an excellent, well-written book that tells the story of the cocaine addictions of Sigmund Freud and William Halsted. The author is both a medical doctor and professor of the History of Medicine, and his expertise in both fields clearly shows through in this delightful and informative book. The book provides mini-biographies of both men as well as a history of cocaine. The book is indeed an anatomy of the addiction of these two men, both to cocaine and to morphine, which they took to mitigate the effects of the cocaine. The book details the impact these drugs had on their lives, and also discusses the subject of addiction in general, which I though gave important insights into this subject. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in a good biography, the history of medicine, or in a well-written non-fiction book.What is in the book (spoiler alert) -While Freud appears to have eventually overcome his addiction, whereas Halsted appears to never have been completely able to do so and required daily morphine injections to eliminate his cravings for cocaine. There is evidence that he periodically went on cocaine binges, requiring a lifetime of morphine addiction. Contrary to what is sometimes reported, cocaine did not improve either man’s abilities - much to the contrary, the brief sense of euphoria and improved concentration that they believed the drug gave them was more than outweighed by the crash and depression that followed high the drug gave them. Furthermore, the sense of improved concentration and insight that they initially believed the drug gave them proved also to be illusory.Freud eventually gave up the drug after it almost led to the death of a patient, which could have ended, or at least stifled, his medical career. Halsted had to check himself into a mental hospital to rid himself of his cocaine addition, but he relapsed and had to do this several times, eventually settling on periodic cocaine binges and a lifetime of morphine addition. Halsted’s addiction shortchanged his patients, the students he was training and the medical profession in general and is an object lesson in the danger of addiction of any kind. It is unclear how much of Freud’s ideas were cocaine fueled, as much of his work was done after he stopped taking the drug, but it is clear that it was of no real benefit to his thinking.The only positive feature of cocaine was its use as a topical anesthetic, which revolutionized dentistry and eye surgery. Freud mentioned the use of cocaine as a local anesthetic in his treatise on cocaine, Uber Coca, but it was a colleague, Carl Koller who pioneered its use as an anesthetic for eye surgery, thereby gaining the acclaim that Freud regretted missing out on because he was focusing on the psychoactive aspects of the drug. Freud considered cocaine to be a wonder drug, only to become personally acquainted with the ultimately destructive and dangerous aspects of its use. Cocaine as an anesthetic has largely been replaced by synthetic drugs such as Novocain and Lidocaine, which preserve the anesthetic qualities of cocaine, without its addictive and psychoactive affects.
In finishing this book, which was hard to put down, sent me searching for other books by this author. It is one of the best presentations that I have read, complete with excellent notes, and close to 100 pertinent illustraions, The scholarship of this Medical Historian is extraordinary.While the focus is on two contemporay physcians, both trapped by the addictive powers of cocaine, Markel details enlightens us as to the ways of the era of modern medicine. Freud and Halsted (the premier surgeon-in-chief of the John Hopkins Hospital) belief that the super drug potentially capable of curing anything. It would bring them fame and fortune as a pharmaceutical. Sadly there personal trials brought them a debilitating curse. The study details the pathological dispersion of addiction in a manner that is very easily understood by a layman. Through-out the book is written to be understood, and the story line will captivate you. To readers,as myself, the author Markel may be addictive!
"An Anatomy of Addiction" by Howard Markel examines two famous doctors, Sigmund Freud and William Halsted and their addiction to cocaine. Freud, who invented psychoanalysis, the search for self-truth, became convinced that cocaine was a miracle drug with no side effects. Halsted, considered to be the father of modern surgery was probably the first cocaine addict to come to the attention of medical professionals in the United States. Peruvian Indians on the eastern slopes of the Andes have been chewing coca leaves for centuries. Their Inca ancestors used it in many religious rituals and initiation rites. Chewing coca leaves was found to have the remarkable ability to suppress hunger, increase tolerance, and stretch the bounds of human endurance, but is no more harmful than several cups of coffee. It wasn't until around 1860 that the devil was unleashed by a German scientist who converted the leaves into the highly purified coca alkaloid. If there is such a thing as an addictive personality, Freud certainly had it. He became so enamored with cocaine and fascinated with its effects on the mind that he considered it a treatment for morphine addiction and depression among many other ailments. Halsted was interested in the drug's anesthetic qualities and how it could aid him in surgery, so began experimenting on himself by injecting the drug into his arm. Both men consumed great quantities of the drug and eventually encountered serious problems because they had done so. At the time, the late 1800's, addiction as a bona fide medical diagnosis was not in the medical vocabulary. Freud struggled with this demon for twelve years and Halsted, it is speculated, struggled with cocaine as well as morphine addiction until his death in 1922. "An Anatomy of Addiction" is a fascinating read. It is a study in the diabolical power of addiction and the role cocaine played in the budding careers of two world-changing geniuses. Engrossing and interesting from the first page to the last.David Allan ReevesAuthor of "Running Away From Me"
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